Even though her husband, son, and daughters as well as their husbands were significant personalities in Chinese modern history and heroines of many academic and popular books, she hardly received any attention. The wife of Charlie Soong, mother of T.V. Soong, the ‘Soong Sisters’, and mother-in-law of Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek and H.H. Kung, Ni Kweu Tseng deserves a close examination. Based on archival materials including family diaries, letters, eulogies and interviews, this study attempts to uncover the life story of Ni Kwei Tseng as a woman living in late nineteenth and early twentieth century China, highlighting the radical social and cultural changes and its impact on the transformation of women’s roles and identity at the time.  Moreover, born to a local pastor father and a mother who was a ninth-generation granddaughter of Xu Guangqi, a Ming court official and disciple of Jesuit Matteo Ricci, Ni’s story sheds light on the understanding of Chinese Christian heritage and how it helped shape marriage/family structure and social networks in the process of the making of modern China.