Much can be learned about communal organization by studying indigenous charities. Chinese communal leaders have historically been involved in the provision of charitable services, beginning with medical and funeral services and education. Closely connected with these activities are the self-perceptions of the leadership, the perpetuation of its ideals and the acceptance of its institutional role by the community it serves. Not least, the corporate holding of communal property and the need to raise funds raise questions of accountability. These issues will be of interest to scholars and practitioners alike.